Stories by Cryptum on Medium

<h3>Stablecoins, where stability meets the future. — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*KsgQeX_8GjQ09paYQu6k1g.png"></figure>Stablecoins are a type of digital currency designed to have a value that is linked or connected to another currency, commodity, or financial instrument. The purpose of stablecoins is to offer an alternative to the fluctuating prices commonly associated with popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC), which can make them less practical for everyday transactions.
Why they are so important?
Bitcoin, the popular cryptocurrency, can experience large and rapid changes in its value. For example, its price can increase or decrease by significant percentages within a short period of time, making it volatile and unpredictable.
While this volatility may be advantageous for traders, it introduces considerable risk and uncertainty for ordinary transactions like purchases. Individuals who hold cryptocurrencies as long-term investments would rather avoid the scenario of paying an exorbitant amount, such as 10,000 Bitcoins, for something as simple as two pizzas. Similarly, most businesses are hesitant to accept cryptocurrencies as payment due to the possibility of suffering losses if the cryptocurrency’s value sharply declines after the transaction.
To function effectively as a means of exchange, a currency that lacks legal tender status must exhibit relative stability, ensuring those who accept it that its purchasing power will remain intact in the short term. Among conventional fiat currencies, daily fluctuations of even 1% in forex trading are comparatively infrequent.
As implied by their name, stablecoins aim to tackle this issue by providing a guarantee to maintain the value of the cryptocurrency steady through various mechanisms.
How they differ from traditional currencies:
1. Value Stability: Stablecoins are designed to maintain a stable value, typically by being pegged to a specific asset like a fiat currency, commodity, or basket of assets. This stability is intended to mitigate the price volatility that is characteristic of traditional cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Traditional cryptocurrencies can experience significant price fluctuations due to market forces and speculative trading.
2. Regulatory Compliance: Stablecoins often strive to comply with existing regulatory frameworks to ensure legitimacy and facilitate wider adoption. They may implement Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures and work towards regulatory compliance to maintain stability and regulatory approval. Traditional cryptocurrencies, while subject to regulatory oversight in some jurisdictions, are often associated with a more decentralized and pseudonymous nature.
And of course, one of the main questions is how they maintain the value stability we are writing about and this is all done by pegging mechanisms.
Simply put, pegging mechanisms in stablecoins are like anchors that keep their prices steady. They achieve this by tying the value of the stablecoin to another asset, like the US Dollar or gold. This connection ensures that the stablecoin’s value stays relatively constant, avoiding the big price swings seen in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.
For example, let’s say we have a stablecoin called “CryptumXYZ” that is pegged to the US Dollar. The issuer of CryptumXYZ ensures that for every CryptumXYZ in circulation, they hold an equivalent amount of US Dollars in reserve. So, if you have 10 CryptumXYZ, you can exchange them for $10 worth of US Dollars.
Pegging mechanisms maintain stability by creating a predictable relationship between the stablecoin and the pegged asset. If the value of the pegged asset goes up or down, the value of the stablecoin adjusts accordingly to maintain the set ratio. This makes users of stablecoins feel more confident using them for everyday transactions since they know the value will stay relatively consistent, and that’s not all, they have two different types of mechanisms that keep them stable as they are.
Types of Stablecoins
Algorithmic stablecoins:
These are specific type of stablecoin that doesn’t depend on traditional collateral assets like fiat currencies or commodities to keep their value stable. Instead, they use sophisticated algorithms and smart contracts to automatically adjust the supply of the stablecoin based on changes in demand. This mechanism aims to stabilize the stablecoin’s price. In the case of algorithmic stablecoins, maintaining stability involves a combination of increasing or decreasing the supply of the stablecoin. When the price of the stablecoin goes above its target value, the algorithm takes steps to increase the supply, such as issuing new tokens or providing more rewards to users. Conversely, when the price falls below the target value, the algorithm reduces the supply by either removing tokens from circulation or implementing measures to decrease rewards.
The main objective of algorithmic stablecoins is to achieve price stability by relying solely on the forces of supply and demand, without needing external collateral reserves. The algorithms are designed to encourage market participants to either buy or sell the stablecoin, thereby automatically stabilizing its price over time.
Collateral-backed Stablecoins:
On the other hand, collateral-backed stablecoins are supported by specific assets held in reserve as collateral. These assets can be fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies, or tangible commodities like gold. The stablecoin issuer ensures that they hold a reserve of these assets in a proportion that corresponds to the stablecoin’s value.
For instance, if a collateral-backed stablecoin is pegged to the US Dollar, the issuer would maintain a reserve of US Dollars or assets that are equal in value to the circulating supply of the stablecoin. This collateral acts as a guarantee that holders of the stablecoin can redeem it for the underlying assets whenever they wish.
The stability of collateral-backed stablecoins is directly linked to the value of the collateral assets. Significant fluctuations in the value of the collateral can impact the stability of the stablecoin. To mitigate this risk, collateral-backed stablecoins often require over-collateralization, where the value of the collateral assets held exceeds the total value of the stablecoins in circulation.
The use of collateral-backed stablecoins offers a more concrete and tangible assurance of value stability since the price of the stablecoin is tied to the value of the underlying collateral assets.
The full transformative potential of stablecoins in a secure and sustainable manner is one thing, but have you heard about digital currencies? Real Digital (Brazilian currency) is one of the most advanced currencies now and it will be launched in 2024, they are not far from what a stablecoin is, let’s dive into it more…
CBDC vs Stablecoins
So CBDCs and stablecoins are digital currencies, but they have different structures and issuers. CBDCs represent a country’s fiat currency and are typically issued and regulated by the central bank. Their purpose is to enable secure and efficient digital transactions while maintaining the stability and control of the national currency. On the other hand, stablecoins are privately issued digital currencies designed to maintain a stable value by linking them to a reserve asset, such as fiat currency or a group of assets. Although private entities can issue stablecoins, they can also be issued in cooperation with or under the supervision of central banks. As a result, stablecoins can be considered a subset of CBDCs, acting as a bridge between traditional fiat currencies and fully government-backed digital currencies. The relationship between CBDCs and stablecoins is intricate and evolving, as central banks explore different models and partnerships to incorporate stablecoins into their digital currency frameworks.
In Brazil an upcoming CBDC is entering into the financial ecosystem, Real Digital, this is a digital representation of Brazil’s national currency, the Real, issued and regulated by the central bank of Brazil. The Digital Real will provide a secure and efficient means of conducting digital transactions using the national currency. With Digital Real, people will be able to make payments, transfers, and other financial transactions electronically, leveraging the benefits of digital technology. It will offer a modern and convenient way to use money, ensuring stability and reliability through the oversight and regulation of the central bank.
We invite you to stay tuned to Cryptum’s blog, and social media accounts because we are preparing for the upcoming Real Digital adoption.
So as with everything in life, everything comes with a risk:
1. Price Volatility: While stablecoins aim to maintain a stable value, price volatility is still possible, especially in algorithmic or partially collateralized stablecoins. External factors, market conditions, or technical issues could impact the stability of the stablecoin’s value, potentially resulting in losses for users.
2. Liquidity Risk: Stablecoins heavily rely on liquidity to maintain their stability and utility. If there is a lack of liquidity in the market, it can impact the ability to buy or sell stablecoins at their desired value, potentially leading to price deviations from the pegged asset.
3. Regulatory Compliance: Concerns around regulatory compliance, centralized control, and the need for robust audits and transparency to maintain trust in these decentralized currencies: Regulatory compliance is a significant concern when it comes to stablecoins. As these digital currencies gain prominence, regulatory bodies are paying increased attention to ensure that they adhere to existing financial regulations, including anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) requirements. Failure to comply with these regulations can lead to legal consequences, reputational damage, and potential disruptions to the stability of the financial system.
“ Transparency is essential for stablecoins to demonstrate accountability and build trust. “
Overall, maintaining regulatory compliance, mitigating concerns about centralized control, and ensuring robust audits and transparency are vital to instilling trust in decentralized currencies like stablecoins. Adhering to regulatory frameworks, implementing transparent reporting mechanisms, and embracing decentralized governance can foster confidence among users, regulators, and the broader financial community.
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Stablecoins, where stability meets the future. — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts

<h3>Managing Liquidity Pools in Uniswap V3 — Cryptum’s quick introduction</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*W_WuyDWMNZtnaId3.jpeg"><figcaption>Uniswap V3 — liquidity pool</figcaption></figure>In the spirit of curiosity and enlightening the public about DeFi, our Tech Lead Vitor Rezende Costa, wanted to share some insights from his experience working with LP on Uniswap V3. This journey involves a touch of economics, a pinch of strategy, and a whole lot of Uniswap V3.
Discover in this article how worthwhile is it to leverage your crypto assets into Uniswap.
<h3>Comparing Our Liquidity Provision vs. Other Strategies</h3>
When providing liquidity, there is a set of parameters you can configure and strategies you can adopt. Our adventure began by evaluating four distinctive strategies: 1- Implementing our own approach (blue); 2 — Holding 100% of WETH (green); 3 — Holding a balanced 50/50 portfolio of WETH and USDC (grey); 4 — Holding 100% of USDC. The graph below provides a comparative analysis of these strategies over a period of roughly 10 days:
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*2FsHgF4uBdO67QsdzANJ2w.png"></figure>The final results, after 10 days, were:
1 — Our strategy: $2,422.32 (⬆️1.31%)
2 — Hold WETH: $2,404.14 (⬆️0.56%)
3 — Hold 50/50: $2,398.30 (⬆️0.32%)
4 — Hold USDC: $2,392 (⬆️0.1%)
<h3>Breaking Down the Profits — Asset Appreciation vs Liquidity Provisioning Fee</h3>
An initial capital worth $2,391.98 was provided, and $0.89 were spent on transaction fees, meaning we got exactly $31.23 as profit. As expected, our approach significantly outperformed the others, and this can be clearly explained when we take a look to inspect where the profits came from:
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*SxikrueMHfoCtJ286uAR9w.png"></figure>Fees accrued from liquidity provision are almost four times higher than the natural asset appreciation. This serves as a reminder that while asset gains are important, the role of liquidity provision shouldn’t be understated. The true essence of DeFi’s profitability often lies in its diverse income streams.
<h3>What About Impermanence Loss?</h3>
Impermanence loss has been an inherent risk in the DeFi world. However, by leveraging Uniswap V3’s concentrated liquidity feature, we managed to reduce the impermanence loss significantly.
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*RdWEqgNJYuK_MiL0v8eJ6g.png"></figure>Impermanence loss is easier to understand than people think: when you provide liquidity, you might end up with a different ratio of tokens than when you got in. Due to some math reasons, the initial token ratio appreciation would always have been higher than the current asset gains. The difference between this hypothetical appreciation in case you held the original ratio and the appreciation that you actually experienced is called impermanence loss.
In the image above, you can see that the ratio shifted: We “got” more USDC than when it started and “lost” some WETH in the process. Precisely $80.38 less of WETH, and $80.19 more of USDC. This difference in value is the total impermanence loss: $0.189. This concept can be scary because it’s literally impossible to escape this phenomenon, but it can be greatly mitigated — after all, we got a ⬆️1.04% profit from liquidity provision fees and a whopping ⬇️0.01% impermanence loss from liquidity provision.
Note:
This was just a quick study, not financial advice. Investment in DeFi should be undertaken only with a thorough understanding of the protocols.
Stay connected to us on our socials for more deep dive into DeFi ecosystem and its applications!
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Managing Liquidity Pools in Uniswap V3 — Cryptum’s quick introduction

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*58BsoSR5RTdM_qq2T5IBgw.png"></figure>Cryptum and UCorp have worked to collaborate in the web3 ecosystem through UCorp’s mobile app and Cryptum’s blockchain-as-a-service infrastructure for tokenizing CO2 offset regeneration.
This work was based on a concern with sustainable urban mobility such as the environment and the use of renewable energies.
In this matter, Ucorp has entered into this process of revolutionizing, through Blockchain, the automotive and corporate transportation segment while promoting good practices in urban mobility and sustainability with a fleet of shared electric cars that use clean energy.
This work enables UCorp to incentivize its customers with CO2 tokens to encourage and audit the reduction of greenhouse gases in the cities where it operates, and the traceability of the blockchain is the basis for verifying the asset. The carbon tokens will be calculated based on the kilometers driven by each user indicated on the mobile platform, in a gamified way and transformed into NFTs (Non-fungible tokens) once reaches a ton. The app provides users with easy access to electric cars for rent, making it convenient and cost-effective to switch to green transportation. With the integration of Cryptum’s APIs, UCorp’s users can now earn CO2 tokens (ERC20) every time they complete a ride.
This partnership with Cryptum is a major step forward for UCorp in promoting sustainable urban mobility. As part of the partnership, UCorp will leverage the Celo protocol to facilitate the distribution of CO2 tokens to its users. This will help to create a circular economy around carbon reduction by providing incentives for users to reduce their carbon footprint while using UCorp’s electric vehicles.
Cryptum enabled integration and evolution from web2 to web3 in just 15 days. Ucorp’s development team did not need to be expanded and could work on web3 with ease, with no technical knowledge in implementing blockchain solutions.
This represents a significant innovation, that can be replied in many ways, in order to fight against climate change. By incentivizing users to choose electric mobility over fossil-fuel-based options, it is poised to make a real impact on the reduction of carbon emissions thanks to Blockchain liability and tracking mechanisms.
About UCorp
UCorp is a provider of electric urban mobility services that are committed to promoting a cleaner environment. Through its mobile white-label app for urban mobility, UCorp provides individuals and companies with easy access to electric cars for rent, making it convenient and cost-effective to switch to green transportation.
About Cryptum
Cryptum is a Blockchain-as-a-Service platform, that provides crypto-based products to bring decentralized finance to the mainstream. As a bridge from TradFi to DeFi, through our easy-to-use API, applications can connect their customers with crypto products based on 10+ major blockchain protocols, using one single integration and without any previous experience. With a strong developer focus, we aim to simplify and boost blockchain adoption at scale.
For more information:
<a href="https://acontecendoaqui.com.br/inovacao/projeto-de-tokenizacao-de-frota-de-carros-eletricos-ja-retirou-213-toneladas-de-co2-da-atmosfera/">https://acontecendoaqui.com.br/inovacao/projeto-de-tokenizacao-de-frota-de-carros-eletricos-ja-retirou-213-toneladas-de-co2-da-atmosfera/</a>
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Cryptum and UCorp Partner to Drive CO2 Tokenization through Urban Mobility Platform.

<h3>How DeFi is disrupting the Real Estate market — KODO Assets case analysis</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*XqPTk43iRjcGEqaL_NvRgQ.png"></figure>DeFi as in Decentralized Finance is a new financial system that promotes financial inclusion by enabling people who do not have access to traditional banking services to participate in financial transactions. It offers a safer and more transparent way to this matter. So DeFi allows for faster and cheaper transactions because there are no intermediaries involved, which can reduce transaction costs and processing times.
The paramount principle in the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is the value of decentralization. This is attributed to its ability to eliminate the need for intermediaries such as financial institutions and credit unions, thus affording end-users greater autonomy, transparency, and control over the utilization of banking services. The absence of middlemen in the DeFi space empowers users to access and manage their financial transactions seamlessly, without the involvement of traditional gatekeepers. Consequently, decentralization is the cornerstone of DeFi, promoting a democratized financial ecosystem that places the power in the hands of the users.
Real estate investment has long been considered a safe and stable option for investors, offering both capital appreciation and rental income. However, traditional real estate investments come with their own set of challenges, such as high entry costs, illiquidity, and significant maintenance responsibilities. Additionally, the process is often plagued by bureaucratic red tape, limiting access to global investors
The intersection of decentralized finance (DeFi) and real estate has been a topic of increasing interest in recent years. One of the most promising innovations in this regard is the use of tokenization to create a bridge between the traditional real estate market and the world of DeFi. Tokenization allows real estate assets to be broken down into smaller, tradeable units that can be bought and sold on blockchain-based platforms. This opens up new opportunities for investors, who can now access fractional ownership of real estate assets that were previously out of reach. Furthermore, tokenization can also help streamline the buying and selling process, reducing costs and increasing transparency. As such, the combination of DeFi and real estate through tokenization has the potential to revolutionize the way we think about investing in property.
This presents a unique opportunity to address these challenges, creating a powerful product that combines the relative stability of real estate with the high yield and global access of DeFi. By tokenizing real estate, investors can now participate in the market with lower entry costs, benefit from increased liquidity, and access global opportunities without the hassles of bureaucracy
One company at the forefront of this revolution is KODO Assets, which is implementing this solution by tokenizing real estate properties. By leveraging blockchain technology, KODO Assets not only enhances liquidity, enabling instant payment and settlement but also provides granularity, allowing investors to enter the market at a fraction of the traditional cost. Furthermore, the efficiency, transparency, and security offered by the underlying blockchain technology make KODO Assets an attractive proposition for both seasoned and novice investors alike.
This market is not only accessible, but it is also transparent, with all transactions recorded on the blockchain for all to see. This eliminates the need for intermediaries such as banks and brokers, reducing transaction costs and increasing accessibility.
We can expect to see continued innovation in the tokenization of real estate assets, which will open up new investment opportunities for both individuals and institutions. Additionally, the use of blockchain technology will increase transparency and efficiency in the real estate market, making it easier for buyers and sellers to transact. Cryptum &amp; Kodo, as a use case for DeFi in real estate, provides a unique opportunity for fintech companies and investors to leverage this emerging market. By partnership with Cryptum, companies can gain exposure to fractional ownership of real estate assets and tap into the potential of blockchain-based platforms. As such, we invite individuals and companies alike to explore the possibilities of Cryptum and join the growing ecosystem of DeFi and real estate with us.
For more information:
<a href="https://web3news.com.br/noticia/620/tokenizacao-e-mercado-imobiliario-como-a-cryptum-esta-facilitando-entrada-de-empresas-na-web3">https://web3news.com.br/noticia/620/tokenizacao-e-mercado-imobiliario-como-a-cryptum-esta-facilitando-entrada-de-empresas-na-web3</a>
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How DeFi is disrupting the Real Estate market — KODO Assets case analysis

<h3>Traditional Finance vs Decentralized Finance — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*_HAP4ORGRK3inPIpgu14xw.png"></figure>One of the most important topics we are often asked to discuss is the differences between traditional finance and DeFi. While both finance systems are designed to handle money, they operate in very different ways, with DeFi offering some unique benefits that traditional finance simply cannot match. So, let’s dive into the differences between these two systems in more detail!
Traditional Finance
Traditional finance has been around for centuries, and it is the system most people are familiar with. It is a centralized system, which means that financial institutions such as banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions control the flow of money. These institutions also control the information and data associated with that money, including transactions, balances, and more.
One of the biggest benefits of traditional finance is its stability. These institutions are heavily regulated, which helps to ensure that they operate within the confines of the law and remain financially stable. Additionally, traditional finance offers a range of financial products and services, including loans, savings accounts, credit cards, and more.
However, traditional finance also has some downsides. For example, it can be slow and inefficient, with many transactions taking several days to process. Additionally, traditional finance often has high fees and charges, which can eat into your savings or investment returns. Lastly, traditional finance can be exclusive, with many financial products and services only available to those with a high net worth or credit score.
Decentralized Finance
Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a relatively new system that operates using blockchain technology. Unlike traditional finance, DeFi is a decentralized system, which means that it is not controlled by any single entity or institution. Instead, it is made up of a network of computers that are connected to the blockchain and can be accessed by anyone.
One of the most significant benefits of DeFi is its speed and efficiency. Transactions can be processed in just a few seconds, with no need for intermediaries like banks. Additionally, DeFi is open and accessible to anyone, regardless of their net worth or credit score.
Another major benefit of DeFi is its transparency. Because all transactions are recorded on the blockchain, they are visible to anyone, at any time. This helps to reduce fraud and increase trust in the system.
However, DeFi is not without its drawbacks. For example, it is still a relatively new system, which means that it is not yet as stable as traditional finance. Additionally, it can be difficult for non-technical users to navigate, as it requires some understanding of blockchain technology.
Final thoughts
While traditional finance and DeFi both handle money, they operate in very different ways. Traditional finance is centralized and regulated, while DeFi is decentralized and operates using blockchain technology. While both systems have their pros and cons, DeFi offers some unique benefits, including speed, efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. As DeFi continues to evolve and mature, it has the potential to become a powerful force in the world of finance, offering new and innovative ways for people to manage and grow their money.
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Traditional Finance vs Decentralized Finance — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*-Cb25MpU86ZtBTchuG1AOw.png"></figure>Blockchain is the ultimate tool for decentralization and transparency, allowing people from all over the world to connect and engage with each other in a safe and secure way. It’s like a digital ledger that keeps track of every transaction made, and once something is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. This makes it an ideal platform for businesses and individuals to interact with each other without the need for intermediaries or third-party authorities. Plus, with blockchain’s advanced encryption methods, you can rest assured that your information and assets are protected from hackers and cybercriminals. So, join the blockchain revolution and start exploring the endless possibilities with Cyptum now!
What you’ll learn:
<ol>
<li>What’s Blockchain?</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>Benefits of using blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralized Finance (DeFi)</li>
<li>Introduction to Tokens</li>
<li>Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
</ol>
Let’s get started:
<ol><li>What’s Blockchain?</li></ol>
At its core, blockchain is a digital ledger that records transactions on a network of computers. Each transaction is verified and added to the ledger by a process called mining, which involves solving complex mathematical problems that require a lot of computing power. The miner who solves the problem first is rewarded with a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin.
The ledger is decentralized, meaning that there is no central authority controlling it. Instead, each computer, or node, on the network has a copy of the ledger. This ensures that the ledger is secure and cannot be altered by any one person or organization. The transactions on a blockchain are transparent and easily trackable, making it difficult for fraud or corruption to go unnoticed.
It is composed of a:
Node: Personal computer or, depending on the complexity of the network, a supercomputer
Standard Protocol: So that a network can communicate with each other
P2P: The peer-to-peer or P2P network is a network of nodes directly connected to the same network.
Decentralized System: All information is controlled by a network of computers that are equal to each other
Each of the blocks contains 3 fundamental things:
<ul>
<li>
Information: Each block can contain different types of information such as information from a peer-to-peer transaction. It can contain the receiver, sender, date, amount</li>
<li>
Hash: One of the most important for me, this is the identification number of the block, this is an unrepeatable number and it is also unique, each block is identified by a hash.</li>
<li>
Connectivity: Each block has a hash and also the hash of the previous one, that is the way in which they communicate, so we could say that they are interconnected with the successor and predecessor.</li>
</ul>
2. Decentralization
In the context of technology and finance. At its core, decentralization refers to the distribution of power and decision-making across a network, rather than concentrating it in the hands of a single individual or organization.
One of the key reasons why decentralization matters is that it can help to promote greater equality and fairness. When power is concentrated in the hands of a few, it is often the case that some groups are marginalized or excluded from decision-making processes. This can lead to a range of social and economic inequalities, as well as the concentration of wealth and resources in the hands of a small elite.
Decentralization can help to address these issues by distributing power and decision-making more evenly across a network. This means that more people are able to participate in decision-making processes and that there is less risk of power being concentrated in the hands of a few. This can help to promote greater fairness and equality, and to create a more inclusive and democratic society.
Finally, decentralization helps to promote greater resilience and sustainability. When power and decision-making are concentrated in the hands of a few, there is a greater risk that the system will be vulnerable to shocks and disruptions. This can lead to instability and fragility and can make the system less sustainable over the long term.
3. Benefits of using Blockchain
One of the main benefits of blockchain technology is its security. Because the ledger is decentralized and each transaction is verified by multiple nodes on the network, it is virtually impossible to alter or delete a transaction. This makes blockchain ideal for industries like finance and healthcare, where security and privacy are critical.
Another benefit of blockchain is its transparency. Because each node on the network has a copy of the ledger, it is easy to track the history of a particular transaction. This makes it difficult for fraud or corruption to go unnoticed.
4. Decentralized Finance or DeFi
Decentralized finance, or DeFi, is a new movement within the financial industry that is built on blockchain technology. It aims to create a more open and accessible financial system that is not controlled by a central authority.
DeFi applications include things like peer-to-peer lending platforms, decentralized exchanges, and stablecoins. One of the benefits of DeFi is that it allows anyone with an internet connection to participate in the financial system, regardless of where they are in the world.
5. Tokens
Tokens are digital assets that are created and managed on a blockchain network. They are used to represent ownership of a particular asset, such as a physical object, a piece of intellectual property, or even a share in a company. Tokens have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their potential to revolutionize the way we think about ownership and value.
One of the key benefits of tokens is that they allow for greater flexibility and accessibility when it comes to owning and transferring assets. Traditional forms of ownership, such as physical deeds or stock certificates, can be cumbersome and expensive to transfer. Tokens, on the other hand, can be easily transferred from one person to another, often with minimal transaction fees.
Tokens can also be used to represent a wide variety of assets, from real estate to artwork to intellectual property. This means that they have the potential to democratize ownership and to make it more accessible to a wider range of people.
6. Non-Fungible Tokens
Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, are a new type of digital asset that are built on blockchain technology. Unlike cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which are fungible and can be exchanged for one another, NFTs are unique and cannot be exchanged for something else.
NFTs can be used to represent anything that is unique, like a piece of art, a collectible, or even a tweet
7. Cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrencies are digital assets that use cryptography to secure and verify transactions and to control the creation of new units. They are decentralized, meaning that they are not controlled by any government or financial institution, and are instead managed by a network of computers around the world. Bitcoin was the first and most well-known cryptocurrency, but there are now thousands of different cryptocurrencies in circulation.
One of the key benefits of cryptocurrencies is that they provide a new way to transfer value without the need for intermediaries. Traditional financial institutions such as banks and payment processors can be slow and expensive and may be subject to government regulations and restrictions. Cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, allow for fast and inexpensive transactions, often with little to no fees.
Cryptocurrencies can also be used as a store of value, much like traditional currencies such as the US dollar or the Euro. However, unlike these fiat currencies, which are subject to inflation and devaluation, many cryptocurrencies have a limited supply, meaning that their value may be more stable over the long term.
Conclusion
In conclusion, blockchain technology opens up a new concept of the web called web 3.0, in which we do not send just information, we send value.
The value is given by the blockchain and its purposes.
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Blockchain Explained— Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts

<h3>Decentralized Finance Explained — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts</h3>
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*TMKuADSIMzJ66HXjPyFbXQ.png"></figure>DeFi is important for several reasons. First, it promotes financial inclusion by enabling people who do not have access to traditional banking services to participate in financial transactions. Second, it offers a safer and more transparent way to conduct financial transactions. Third, DeFi allows for faster and cheaper transactions because there are no intermediaries involved, which can reduce transaction costs and processing times.
DeFi has the potential to disrupt traditional financial systems, create more competition and offer new services that were previously unavailable, Let’s look inside what DeFi is and discover this journey with us.
What you will learn:
<ul>
<li>Whats DeFi?</li>
<li>DeFi Benefits</li>
<li>DeFi Risks</li>
<li>DeFi Activities</li>
<li>DeFi Examples</li>
<li>Future of DeFi</li>
<li>Unlock new tokenization opportunities with Cryptum</li>
</ul>
<ol><li>What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?</li></ol>
In simple terms, let us tell you that DeFi refers to a financial system that operates on a decentralized, blockchain-based network. This means that traditional financial intermediaries such as banks and other financial institutions are eliminated, and transactions occur directly between users.
At its core, DeFi is about building financial systems that operate on decentralized networks such as the Ethereum blockchain. This means that instead of relying on traditional financial institutions such as banks or brokerages, users can access financial services directly through decentralized applications (dApps) that are built on top of these networks.
Some of the key advantages of DeFi include:
<ul>
<li>
Openness: DeFi applications are open to anyone with an internet connection, regardless of their location or financial status.</li>
<li>
Transparency: DeFi transactions are transparent and auditable, which helps to prevent fraud and increase trust in the system.</li>
<li>
Accessibility: DeFi applications can be accessed 24/7 from anywhere in the world, making it easier for people to access financial services and participate in the global economy.</li>
<li>
Flexibility: DeFi applications can be customized and integrated with other services, which allows for greater innovation and flexibility in the financial system.</li>
<li>
Collaboration: This is a key element of the DeFi ecosystem as it enables different players to leverage each other’s strengths to create better products, funds, and vaults, it can take many forms including partnerships between companies, joint ventures, and open-source development communities. Collaboration in DeFi can take many forms, including partnerships between companies, joint ventures, and open-source development communities. For instance, a DeFi platform may collaborate with a liquidity provider to improve the efficiency of its markets, or a DeFi protocol may partner with a blockchain infrastructure provider to ensure better security and reliability. One notable example of collaboration within DeFi is the concept of yield farming. Yield farming involves staking cryptocurrency in a DeFi protocol to earn rewards in the form of additional tokens. This practice has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it often involves collaboration between multiple DeFi projects</li>
</ul>
It’s normal to get confused at first, but web3 is all about collaboration, now maybe you are thinking about what perks can you possibly have with DeFi
2. What are the DeFi Benefits?
Take a look at the perks of DeFi:
<ul>
<li>
Decentralization: DeFi eliminates the need for intermediaries such as banks and other financial institutions. This means that users have more control over their funds and can access financial services from anywhere in the world.</li>
<li>
Transparency: All transactions on DeFi platforms are recorded on a public blockchain, which provides transparency and security. Users can see exactly how their funds are being used and can verify transactions in real-time.</li>
<li>
Lower fees: DeFi platforms have significantly lower fees compared to traditional finance, which can be as high as 10% for some services. This makes it more accessible to people who may not have access to traditional banking services.</li>
<li>
Accessibility: DeFi is open to anyone with an internet connection, which makes it more accessible than traditional finance. This is especially important for people in developing countries who may not have access to traditional banking services</li>
</ul>
With every benefit you have in DeFi as in any case, you also have some downsides like the risks, let us tell you a few of the risks you can have.
3. DeFi Risks
<ul>
<li>
Smart contract risk: DeFi relies heavily on smart contracts, which are self-executing code that governs the rules of the platform. If there is a bug or vulnerability in the code, it could lead to a loss of funds.</li>
<li>
Liquidity risk: DeFi platforms rely on liquidity pools to provide users with access to funds. If there is not enough liquidity in the pool, it could lead to slippage and a loss of funds.</li>
<li>
Market risk: DeFi is subject to market volatility, just like traditional finance. If there is a sudden drop in the value of a token or asset, it could lead to a loss of funds.</li>
<li>
Security risk: DeFi platforms are often targeted by hackers who are looking to steal funds. It is important for users to take appropriate security measures to protect their funds.</li>
</ul>
So now you’ve seen the benefits and risks of this new financial ecosystem, let us explain to you some of the activities DeFi has to offer:
4. DeFi Activities
Wallets:
Crypto Wallet is a key factor to have an identity on the blockchain…
Crypto wallets are essential tools for anyone interested in owning and using cryptocurrencies. They are used to store, send, and receive digital assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other altcoins. Wallets are also your identity on the blockchain. Digging into it, there are two main types of crypto wallets: non-custodial and custodial. This article will explore the differences between these two types of wallets, their advantages and disadvantages, and some examples of each.
<ul><li>Non-Custodial Wallets</li></ul>
Non-custodial wallets, also known as self-custody wallets, are crypto wallets that give users complete control over their private keys. Private keys sets of words or/and numbers that are used to access and manage cryptocurrency assets. With a non-custodial wallet, you are responsible for keeping your private keys secure, usually through the use of a seed phrase that can be used to recover your wallet in case of loss or theft, let us show you an example:
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/916/1*zU5VgWyGbfoPQvKbJfuBdA.png"><figcaption>Example of a phrase seed aka private key set of words</figcaption></figure>There are tons of non-custodial wallets, we are going to list a few: MyEtherWallet, MetaMask, and Ledger Nano S. These wallets are popular among crypto enthusiasts because they offer high levels of security and privacy. Since you control your private keys, no third party can access your funds without your permission. Also, non-custodial wallets are usually open-source software, which means that anyone can inspect the code and make sure that it is secure and reliable.
<ul><li>Custodial Wallets</li></ul>
Custodial wallets are crypto wallets that are managed by third-party companies, such as exchanges or other service providers. With a custodial wallet, you do not have control over your private keys. Instead, the company that manages the wallet stores your private keys on your behalf. You can access your funds through a username and password or other authentication methods.
Examples of custodial wallets include Coinbase, Binance, and Kraken. These wallets are popular among users who value convenience and ease of use. Since the wallet provider manages the private keys, users do not have to worry about keeping them safe. Also, custodial wallets usually offer more user-friendly interfaces and features, such as instant fiat-crypto conversion or trading.
<ul><li>MPC — Multiparty Computation/ Multisignature</li></ul>
However, there is also a middle ground between these two types of wallets known as a Multi-Party Computation (MPC) or Multisignature (Multisig) wallet. These wallets offer a compromise between the security of a non-custodial wallet and the convenience of a custodial wallet.
MPC wallets are based on advanced cryptography that allows multiple parties to share control of the private keys necessary to access the wallet’s funds. The keys are split into fragments, with each party holding a unique fragment. These fragments are then used to generate a final private key that can be used to access the wallet’s funds.
Multisignature wallets, on the other hand, require multiple signatures to authorize a transaction. For example, a wallet may require two out of three signatures to authorize a transaction, with each signature held by a different party. This approach adds an extra layer of security to the wallet, as a hacker would need to compromise multiple parties to access the funds.
MPC/Multisig wallets offer several benefits over traditional custodial wallets. Firstly, they provide increased security as multiple parties must be compromised to access the wallet’s funds. Secondly, they offer increased control and flexibility, as multiple parties can manage the wallet together. Finally, they offer a middle ground between the convenience of a custodial wallet and the security of a non-custodial wallet.
Despite the benefits, MPC/Multisig wallets are not as widely used as traditional custodial and non-custodial wallets. This is largely due to the complexity of the technology and the fact that they require multiple parties to be involved. However, as the cryptocurrency industry continues to evolve, it is likely that we will see increased adoption of MPC/Multisig wallets as users seek to strike a balance between security and convenience.
Yield Farming
Yield farming is a process in decentralized finance (DeFi) that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrency holdings by providing liquidity to a DeFi protocol. In yield farming, users lend or stake* their crypto assets in exchange for rewards, which are paid out in the form of interest or newly minted tokens. The amount of interest earned depends on various factors, such as the amount of liquidity provided, the duration of the lending period, and the current market conditions. Yield farming has become popular among crypto investors due to its potential for high returns, but it also carries risks such as smart contract vulnerabilities and market volatility.
*Stake: Staking in web3 involves holding a cryptocurrency in a web3-compatible wallet and locking it up in a smart contract to support a decentralized network.
DEX (Decentralized Exchange)
A DEX, or decentralized exchange, is a type of cryptocurrency exchange that operates on a decentralized network, rather than a centralized server. It allows users to trade cryptocurrencies without the need for a middleman, such as a centralized exchange. Instead, transactions are facilitated through smart contracts and executed using an automated algorithm. This eliminates the need for a centralized authority to manage trades and provides greater security, privacy, and control over assets. DEXs also offer a wider selection of cryptocurrencies to trade and lower trading fees compared to centralized exchanges. However, they may also have lower liquidity and higher complexity due to their decentralized nature.
Liquidity Mining
Liquidity mining is a process in decentralized finance (DeFi) that allows users to earn rewards by providing liquidity to a DeFi protocol. It involves depositing cryptocurrencies into a liquidity pool, which is used to facilitate trades on a decentralized exchange (DEX). In return for providing liquidity, users receive tokens that represent their share of the pool. These tokens can then be traded or held for further rewards. Liquidity mining incentivizes users to provide liquidity to a DeFi protocol, which helps to maintain a healthy trading ecosystem and facilitates efficient price discovery. It also offers users the potential to earn additional income beyond the traditional rewards from staking or holding cryptocurrencies. However, liquidity mining also carries risks such as smart contract vulnerabilities and market volatility, which can lead to potential losses.
Automated Market Makers (AMMs)
Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are decentralized exchange (DEX) protocols that use mathematical formulas to determine the price of assets traded on their platforms. Unlike centralized exchanges that rely on order books to match buyers and sellers, AMMs use a liquidity pool to facilitate trades. Liquidity providers deposit tokens into the pool and receive liquidity provider (LP) tokens in return, which they can use to reclaim their share of the pool at any time. The price of assets is determined by a simple formula that calculates the ratio of tokens in the pool. When a trade is executed, the token balances in the pool are adjusted automatically, which results in a new price. This automated pricing mechanism ensures that there is always liquidity available for trading, regardless of the volume of trades. AMMs are popular among users who prefer the convenience and lower fees associated with decentralized exchanges. However, they may also have lower liquidity and higher slippage compared to centralized exchanges.
We hope this guide helps you understand the essential part of DeFi, remember, as Cryptum we are not giving financial advice and we are not authorized to tell you what to invest.
Now give a look at these few examples that are participating in this ecosystem:
5. Examples:
<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*MJXnQei8zkh31Zxpw5BaiA.png"><figcaption>Examples of Decentralized Finance protocols</figcaption></figure>Aave: Aave is a decentralized lending platform that allows users to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies. It uses smart contracts to ensure that loans are fully collateralized and that interest rates are determined by market forces rather than a central authority.
Uniswap: Uniswap is a decentralized exchange that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies directly with each other. It uses an automated market maker system to set prices and provide liquidity. This means that anyone can become a liquidity provider and earn fees for facilitating trades on the platform.
Now that you’ve learned some of the examples, let’s start talking about where is this heading.
6. Future of DeFi
You may be wondering, where is this heading? Can this escalate? And the answer is yes.
We can expect to see continued growth in the DeFi ecosystem. As more and more users discover the benefits of decentralized finance, we can expect to see an influx of new projects and protocols emerge. This will lead to increased competition and innovation, driving further growth in the space.
There is also going to be more integration between different DeFi protocols. Currently, the DeFi ecosystem is fragmented, with different protocols operating in silos. However, we are already starting to see projects emerge that aim to bridge these gaps, enabling users to seamlessly move between different protocols.
It's most likely to have greater institutional adoption of DeFi. While DeFi is still primarily used by retail investors, we are starting to see some of the larger financial institutions take notice. As these institutions begin to experiment with DeFi, we can expect to see increased liquidity and stability in the space.
Finally, we can expect to see increased regulatory scrutiny of DeFi. While DeFi is currently largely unregulated, it’s likely that regulators will begin to take a closer look at the space as it continues to grow in popularity. While this may lead to some short-term challenges, it’s ultimately a positive development, as increased regulation can help to ensure the long-term sustainability and stability of the DeFi ecosystem.
Overall, DeFi is a game-changer for the financial world. Its benefits are clear, and its potential is enormous. Fintechs that embrace DeFi and integrate it into their products and services will be well-positioned to capitalize on this growing trend and provide their customers with even better financial services.
7. Unlock new tokenization opportunities with Cryptum
As the world embraces the transformative power of blockchain technology, decentralized finance (DeFi) is rapidly gaining traction, revolutionizing the financial landscape. is an enterprise that is taking tokenization to the next level by offering tokenized securities, such as stocks, bonds, and commodities, that can be traded on blockchain networks. By tokenizing these traditional financial instruments, Cryptum is opening up new investment opportunities in DeFi, enabling investors to access a broader range of assets and potentially earn higher returns.
Cryptum tokenization can be taken to the next level by offering tokenized securities, such as stocks, bonds, and commodities, that can be traded on blockchain networks. By tokenizing these traditional financial instruments, Cryptum is opening up new investment opportunities in DeFi, enabling investors to access a broader range of assets and potentially earn higher returns.
However, integrating with DeFi can be challenging for traditional fintech companies, which may lack the necessary expertise and infrastructure to navigate the complex DeFi ecosystem. That’s where Cryptum comes in, providing fintech with the tools and resources they need to integrate with DeFi and offer cutting-edge financial products to their clients.
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Decentralized Finance Explained — Cryptum Web 3 Main Concepts

<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*j-O037D85IhqCeuT1J_csg.png"><figcaption>Members of CHAINLINK BUILD</figcaption></figure>We’re excited to announce that <a href="https://cryptum.io/">Cryptum</a> is officially joining the <a href="https://blog.chain.link/chainlink-build-program/">Chainlink BUILD Program</a>. As a part of BUILD, we receive enhanced access to Chainlink’s industry-leading oracle services, technical expertise, and community support. This will help accelerate ecosystem growth and the long-term adoption of Cryptum’s solutions that aim to simplify the Web3 builder experience. In return, Cryptum will provide network fees and other incentives to Chainlink service providers as part of <a href="https://chain.link/economics">Chainlink Economics 2.0</a>.
<h3>Simplifying Building Web3 Apps With Cryptum</h3>
Cryptum is a complete solution enabling users to interact easily with the next generation of Web3 with no requirement of any blockchain development expertise, powered by public and permissioned blockchain technology. Through Cryptum, users can tokenize assets and execute transactions with simple lines of code in more than 10 chains, enable crypto payments, easily integrate with DeFi protocols such as Unisawp to access or create their own liquidity pools and get on-chain analytics and notifications through webhooks. Currently, Cryptum is integrated on the following blockchains: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Celo, BNB Chain, Solana, Stellar, Cardano, Hathor, Avalanche (C-Chain), and Polygon.
Ultimately, Cryptum aims to simplify the experience of building in Web3 and help onboard the next wave of users into this growing industry. With the support of industry-standard Chainlink services such as Chainlink Automation and Chainlink VRF, Cryptum will be able to help developers more easily build sophisticated blockchain-based decentralized applications.
<h3>Why We Joined Chainlink BUILD</h3>
Cryptum joined Chainlink BUILD to maximize the security and reliability benefits that Chainlink oracle infrastructure provides. As part of BUILD, we will receive access to new Chainlink product alpha and beta releases, dedicated technical support from the Chainlink ecosystem, and more.
“We’re excited to join Chainlink BUILD, which will help us expand the usage of our Web3 development solutions. The Chainlink Network underpins the multichain ecosystem, and its support will help us rapidly gain users for our platform. Ultimately, we aim to develop a set of solutions that makes it easy to get started with building Web3 dApps and onboard new users into this flourishing ecosystem.” — Andre Salem, Cryptum Founder
As part of our commitment to the BUILD program, Cryptum has committed a percentage of its total token supply to be used as an economic incentive for Chainlink service providers, including stakers. This economic incentive will be made available to Chainlink service providers over time to help Cryptum fully realize the benefits of being part of the Chainlink ecosystem.
About Chainlink
Chainlink is the industry-standard Web3 services platform that has enabled trillions of dollars in transaction volume across DeFi, insurance, gaming, NFTs, and other major industries. As the leading decentralized oracle network, Chainlink enables developers to build feature-rich Web3 applications with seamless access to real-world data and off-chain computation across any blockchain and provides global enterprises with a universal gateway to all blockchains.
Learn more about Chainlink by visiting <a href="https://chain.link/?utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=press-release">chain.link</a> or reading the developer documentation at <a href="https://docs.chain.link/?utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=press-release">docs.chain.link</a>. To discuss an integration, <a href="https://chain.link/contact?utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=press-release">reach out to an expert</a>.
About Cryptum
Cryptum offers a comprehensive Web3 platform that simplifies blockchain interaction, asset tokenization, and DeFi integration, providing access to over 10 major blockchain networks for users with varying expertise levels.
Learn more about Cryptum by visiting <a href="https://cryptum.io/">cryptum.io</a> or contacting our <a href="https://my.forms.app/blockforce/cryptum-quote">experts.</a>
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Cryptum and UCorp Partner to Drive CO2 Tokenization through Urban Mobility Platform.

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